一、考察要点：

　　《英语语言学》要求考生熟悉语言和语言学的本质，掌握英语语言学中的基本概念、基础理论、分支和流派观点，能借用英语语言学中的理论诠释现实生活中的语言现象，以及语言学习中的问题与现象。

　　主要考察考生以下能力：

　　1）掌握能力。

　　题目形式是名词解释和简答题。要求考生掌握有关的知识点，正确理解和解释语言学中的一些重要概念、术语，简要回答语言学中的一些基本问题。

　　2）运用能力。

　　题目形式是论述题。要求考生结合实际就语言学中的一些重要问题进行较为深入的分析、阐释和论述。

　　考题的知识点包括：

　　1）语言内部分支：

　　语言学概论、音位学、语义学、句法学、语用学、语言的变化

　　2）语言学与其它学科的联系：

　　语言与社会、语言与文化、心理语言学

　　3）语言习得：

　　语言习得概述、第二语言习得

　　二、试题描述：

　　试卷总分：150分

　　考试时间：180分钟

　　试卷内容：由三个部分组成，每部分及分数分配描述如下：

　　I.Explain the following terms名词解释(共60分)

　　本部分12题，每题5分，共60分。要求考生解释语言学中的一些重要术语。

　　例1.syntax

　　答案：

　　Syntax is a sub-field of linguistics studying the sentence structure of language.It mainly concerns the ways words are joined to form sentences.

　　例2.langue

　　答案：

　　Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community;Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow;Langue is relatively stable,it does not change frequently.

　　例3.Parole

　　答案：

　　Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use;parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules;parole varies from person to person,and from situation to situation.

　　II.Short answer questions简答题(共66分)

　　本部分6题，每题11分，共66分。要求考生简要回答语言学中的一些基本问题。

　　例1.What are the major differences between langue and parole?

　　答案：

　　The difference between langue and parole was made by Saussure.Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community,and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow while parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules.Langue is abstract;it is not the language people actually use,but parole is concrete;it refers to the naturally occurring language events.Langue is relatively stable;it does not change frequently;while parole varies from person to person,and from situation to situation.

　　例2.How do you understand competence and performance?

　　答案：

　　N.Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.This internalized set of rules enables the language user to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous.According to Chomsky,performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.Although the speaker’s knowledge of his mother tongue is perfect,his performances may have mistakes because of social and psychological factors such as stress,embarrassment,etc..Chomsky believes that what linguists should study is the competence,which is systematic,not the performance,which is too haphazard.

　　例3.Use an example to illustrate Trace theory.

　　答案：

　　Trace theory is about traces left by movement.This theory assumes that a moved constituent leaves behind a null element in its original site called trace abbreviated T.The trace and the moved element bear the same index.Take the following example as an example:

　　I do not like the book that he gives me(t).

　　In the above sentence"that"is moved out from the original site,leaving a trace there.The trace and"that"refer to"the book".

　　II.Essay questions论述题(共24分)

　　本部分1题，共24分。要求考生结合实际就语言学中的一些重要问题进行较为深入的论述。

　　例题.What is Whorf hypothesis?How do you believe Linguistic Determinism?

　　本题的答案包括以下三部分：

　　Part 1:The Whorf hypothesis contains two parts,linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity.Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines a certain nonlinguistic cognitive process.In other words,learning a language changes the way a person thinks.Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages.Speakers of different languages,therefore,are said to think in different way.

　　Part 2:The linguistic determinism hypothesis can be interpreted in two different ways.The strong version states that language determines cognition:the presence of linguistic categories creates cognitive categories.Meanwhile,a weak version states that the presence of linguistic categories influences the ease with which various cognitive operations are performed.

　　Part 3:考生结合实际论述自己对语言决定论的理解。

　　三、参考书目

　　1.《新编简明英语语言学教程》（第二版），戴炜栋、何兆熊编，上海外语教育出版社。

　　2.《语言学教程》（第四版，英文版），胡壮麟，北京大学出版社。